ChatGPT, Gemini, MidJourney, Alexa, Siri—recently still a dream of the future, today taken for granted and at the same time indispensable. Whether in search engines, marketing, translation, smart homes, navigation, education, medicine, administration, security, etc., artificial intelligence (AI) is taking over all areas of daily life, even if this is not always immediately apparent. But AI is not just about fluent texts, beautiful images, and making life easier par excellence! AI is also a huge energy guzzler. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the global energy consumption of AI from corresponding AI data centers will at least double from 2 to 3 percent of global electricity consumption by 2030 due to dynamic developments in the AI sector. In the US, AI applications are estimated to account for 10 percent of total US electricity demand by 2030. This trend will be further exacerbated by the global AI boom and ongoing developments in related applications.
According to heise.de, a text query on ChatGPT consumes about 0.3-to-2.9-watt hours, whereas a Google search consumes only up to 0.3-watt hours of energy. A text query can therefore consume up to ten times as much energy as a simple Google search. Generating images, on the other hand, requires multiple amounts of energy ranging from approximately 0.01 to 0.3 kilowatt hours. About five queries thus consume as much energy as making a cup of coffee or covering the energy consumption of an electric car for a distance of 20 meters.
During longer interactions and continuous conversations with an AI bot, the power consumption per query increases exponentially, as the chat history must be stored and the context of each query analyzed. Furthermore, training the AI application consumes a large amount of energy.
However, it is not only the AI boom, which is still in its infancy, that is causing the amount of stable energy required to rise continuously; the mass electrification of vehicles is already causing difficulties in maintaining the power supply. The main factor here is that energy must be available in sufficient quantities on a constant and stable basis (base load capacity), which is often not guaranteed by renewable energy generation using wind and solar power (keywords: dark doldrums and light breezes).
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